Derived from the Greek root (anarchos) meaning “without authority,” anarchism, anarchist, and anarchy are used to express both approval and disapproval. In early usage all these terms were pejorative: for example, during the English Civil Wars (1642–51) the radical Levelers, who called for universal manhood suffrage, were referred to by their opponents as “Switzerising anarchists,” and during the French Revolution the leader of the moderate Girondin faction of Parliament, Jacques-Pierre Brissot, accused his most extreme rivals, the Enragés, of being the advocates of “anarchy”:
Laws that are not carried into effect, authorities without force and despised, crime unpunished, property attacked, the safety of the individual violated, the morality of the people corrupted, no constitution, no government, no justice, these are the features of anarchy.
These words could serve as a model for the denunciations delivered by all opponents of anarchism. The anarchists, for their part, would admit many of Brissot’s points. They deny man-made laws, regard property as a means of tyranny, and believe that crime is merely the product of property and authority. But they would argue that their denial of constitutions and governments leads not to “no justice” but to the real justice inherent in the free development of human sociality—the natural inclination, when unfettered by laws, to live according to the principles and practice of mutual aid.
We find the origin of the Anarchism in the frech author Pierre-Joseph Proudhon. In 1876 he wrote "What is property?". This created a sensation, for Proudhon not only declared, “I am an anarchist”; he also stated, “Property is theft!”.
Anarchist support:
- Autonomy.
- Civil libertarianism.
- Cooperation.
- Workers self-management.
- Descentrally planned economy or market socialism.
- Direct action.
- Mutual aid.
- Common ownership.
- Voluntary association.
And reject:
- Authoritarianism.
- Capitalism.
- Censorship.
- Coercion.
- Imperialism.
- Statism.
- Hierarchy.
- Paternalism.
- Central planned economy.
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